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The most ancient architectural monuments of our country date back to the first millennium A.D. and represent ancient Slavs' culture. In the 10th – 13th centuries Belarus as part of Kievan Rus' became one of the centres ancient Russian culture. The history of Belarusian architecture proper which distinctively integrated artistic experience both of Kievan Rus' and Western Europe begins in the 14th century. Medieval Belarusian architecture is represented mainly by defensive installations. At that time towns were usually situated around a fortified castle or nearby. The castles in Lida (14th century), Novogrudok (14th–16th centuries), Mir (14th–16th centuries) and Nesvizh (16th century) still exist. In the 16th – beginning of 17th centuries a new special type appeared: churches–fortresses (Maloye Mozheykovo, Synkovichi) and houses–fortresses (Gaytunishki).

In the 17th–18th centuries the baroque tendencies were developed in Belarusian architecture. Different Catholic orders were promoters of this style. The best baroque monuments on the territory of the Republic of Belarus are Jesuit Roman–Catholic Churches in Nesvizh (laid down in 1584, architect J.M. Bernardoni from Gomo) and Grodno (consecrated in 1667), Roman–Catholic Church of Carmelites in Glubokoye (1735), St. Sophia Cathedral (Sophiisky Sobor) in Polotsk (11th century, rebuilt in 1750).

Belarusian culture occupies a special place in the world cultural heritage since it managed to preserve and restore many of its invaluable pearls despite wars, revolutions and social shocks.

Since most ancient times people sought to put their surrounding environment on order, keep their life away from chaos and uncertainty. Man built a house to protect himself from cold, rain and darkness. Uniting their houses into cities, people tried to defend their small world of lucidity and order from enemies and troubles by means of a fortress's wall. Nations and nationalities established states with intent to put this world in order and to force everything taking place in it to develop within strictly determined limits.

Time always was one of the greatest mysteries for humans. In our language the concept of "time" is one of the few notions which meaning is impossible to explain in other words. Modern science also has a very vague idea of the nature of time. Nevertheless, man managed to cope with time under control and forced it to flow within clearly set bounds. Not without reason the invention of calendar is considered to be one of the most important milestones in the mankind history and is compared to the invention of a wheel and a written language.

At present, solar calendar is the most widely used. It is based on solar (tropical) year. Contemporary calendar is called Gregorian calendar (New Style). It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and replaced Julian calendar (Old Style) which was used since 45 B.C.

One of the most interesting and attractive peculiarity of the present system of chronology is so–called anniversary years or simply anniversaries. Anniversary years were introduced in the Catholic church by Pope Boniface VIII in 1300 as the church centenaries. Pilgrims who visited Rome during centenaries were given absolution. More than once the papacy shortened the periods between centenaries.

In order to somehow single out these dates from the sequence of days, issue of special books, postcards, coins and souvenirs is timed to coincide with them. 

  Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus

In July 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian SSR passed a Declaration on State Sovereignty. After proclamation of independence, banknotes of the State Bank of the USSR were in circulation in the Republic of Belarus for some time, followed by those issued by the Bank of Russia. In accordance with the resolution of the Government of the Republic of Belarus, in May 1992 token money issued by the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus in 50 kopecks, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 Rubles denominations were introduced into circulation. Afterwards, token money in 200 and 500 (1992), 1000 (1993), 5,000 and 20,000 (1994), 50,000 (1995), 100,000 (1996), 500,000 (1998), 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 (1999) Rubles denominations were introduced into circulation.

Although the above token money of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus was not declared to be currency and initially was issued as a supplement to the primary monetary unit (the Soviet Ruble and later the Russian Ruble), subsequent developments upgraded it to the cash Belarussian Ruble. In May 1994, the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus resolved that the Belarussian Ruble shall be the sole legal tender in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, while banknotes called token money – in cash transactions.

In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus, on January 1, 2000, new banknotes in 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, in 2001, 10,000 Rubles, in 2002, 20,000 and 50,000 Rubles, and in 2005, 100000 Rubles denominations were introduced into circulation and are currently in use.

National currency, together with the emblem, flag and anthem, is an integral attribute of a sovereign state. Metallic currency (coins) is an important component of a full–boded money circulation system.

The world "coin" originates from the name of goddess Juno (Juno Moneta) at whose temple in Ancient Rome a mint was situated in the 3rd century B.C. During more than two thousand years (since its appearance in the 7th century B.C. and up to the 18th–19th centuries) coins were practically the only instrument of money circulation. Following wide expansion of paper money they gradually turned from the main into secondary payment means. Nevertheless, even nowadays when bank settlements are carried out, e–money and credit cards are in existence, coins continue to play their role in money circulation.

First coins of the Republic of Belarus were issued on December 27, 1996. Their production is the result of the making of a sovereign state and its issuing institution. In this section you will find information on commemorative coins issued by the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus since 1996. It includes: detailed description, photos of coins' both sides, brief summary of events, personalities and monuments featured on the coins. It also contains coins' size, mintage figures and general specifications of the alloys the coins are made of.

Most of the coin draft designs were developed by Belarusian designers. Traditional Belarusian geometric ornament was used as decoration.

We trust that the information contained here will be of interest and use both for true collectors and a wide range of visitors who are enthusiastic about the history of coins.

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